Tutorial Arduino : Membuat Timer Penghitung Waktu

Guys, tahu gak sih gimana cara mengoperasikan timer penghitung waktu mundur di Arduino Uno?

Nah, di artikel ini mimin bakal banyak membahas tutorial pengoperasiannya ya guys! simak yuk!Countdown timer adalah sebuat alat yang berfungsi untuk menunjukkan waktu yang prinsip kerjanya dengan melakukan hitungan mundur. Kemudian Countdown timer dapat direkayasa ke dalam sebuah mikrokontroler dengan komponen tambahan seperti button dan layar LCD.

Link Lib : https://github.com/PaulStoffregen/Time

[lwptoc numeration=”none” title=”Daftar Isi”]

Timer Penghitung Waktu Mundur Arduino Uno

1. Pertama, Skema Rangkaian

Gambar rangkaian Timer Penghitung Waktu Mundur

Keterangan Sambungan :

• Pin pada LCD :
• Pin VSS – Ground
• Pin VDD – 5V
• Pin VO – Potensio
• Pin RS – Pin 12 Arduino
• Pin R_W – Ground
• Pin E – Pin 11 Arduino
• Pin DB4 – Pin 5 Arduino
• Pin DB5 – Pin 4 Arduino
• Pin DB6 – Pin 3 Arduino
• Pin DB7 – Pin 2 Arduino
• Pin A – 5V
• Pin K – Ground

Pin pada Arduino :

• Pin 6 – Button RS
• Pin 7 – Button ST
• Pin 8 – Button DW
• Pin 9 – Button UP
• Pin 10 – Pin +Buzzer

Baca Juga : Membuat Stopwatch Arduino Uno

2. Kedua Alat / Bahan

• Arduino                         : 1 buah
• Breadboard                  : 1 buah
• Buzzer                          : 1 buah
• LCD 16×2                     : 1 buah
• Potensiometer 10kΩ   : 1 buah
• Resistor 220Ω             : 4 buah
• Push Button                 : 4 buah

3. Ketiga, Sketch Program

/*
    Program Timer
    dibuat oleh Indobot
*/
#include <LiquidCrystal.h>  //Pendeklarasian Library
#include <TimeLib.h>

LiquidCrystal lcd(12, 11, 5, 4, 3, 2);  // Pemilihan Pin dan pendeklarasian variabel
const int buzzerPin = 10;
const int resetButtonPin = 6;
const int startStopButtonPin = 7;
const int downButtonPin = 8;
const int upButtonPin = 9;

int setupHours = 0;
int setupMinutes = 0;
int setupSeconds = 0;
time_t setupTime = 0;

int currentHours = 0;
int currentMinutes = 0;
int currentSeconds = 0;
time_t currentTime = 0;
time_t startTime = 0;
time_t elapsedTime = 0;

int resetButtonState = LOW;
long resetButtonLongPressCounter = 0;
int startStopButtonState = LOW;
int upButtonState = LOW;
int downButtonState = LOW;
int resetButtonPrevState = LOW;
int startStopButtonPrevState = LOW;
int upButtonPrevState = LOW;
int downButtonPrevState = LOW;
bool resetButtonPressed = false;
bool resetButtonLongPressed = false;
bool startStopButtonPressed = false;
bool upButtonPressed = false;
bool downButtonPressed = false;

const int MODE_IDLE = 0;
const int MODE_SETUP = 1;
const int MODE_RUNNING = 2;
const int MODE_RINGING = 3;

int currentMode = MODE_IDLE;

int dataSelection = 0;

void setup() { //Pengaturan Pin dan Variabel
  lcd.begin(16, 2);
  pinMode(resetButtonPin, INPUT);
  pinMode(startStopButtonPin, INPUT);
  pinMode(upButtonPin, INPUT);
  pinMode(downButtonPin, INPUT);
  pinMode(buzzerPin, OUTPUT);
  Serial.begin(9600);
}

void loop() {  //Perulangan Program
  startStopButtonPressed = false;
  upButtonPressed = false;
  downButtonPressed = false;
  resetButtonPressed = false;
  resetButtonLongPressed = false;
  resetButtonState = digitalRead(resetButtonPin);
  if (resetButtonState != resetButtonPrevState)
  {
    resetButtonPressed = resetButtonState == HIGH;
    resetButtonPrevState = resetButtonState;
  }
  else  // apabila dipencet lama
  {
    if (resetButtonState == HIGH)
    {
      resetButtonLongPressCounter++;
      if (resetButtonLongPressCounter == 100)
      {
        resetButtonPressed = false;
        resetButtonLongPressed = true;
        resetButtonLongPressCounter = 0;
      }
    }
    else
    {
      resetButtonLongPressCounter = 0;
      resetButtonPressed = false;
      resetButtonLongPressed = false;
    }
  }

  //Start dan Stop button
  startStopButtonPressed = false;
  startStopButtonState = digitalRead(startStopButtonPin);
  if (startStopButtonState != startStopButtonPrevState)
  {
    startStopButtonPressed = startStopButtonState == HIGH;
    startStopButtonPrevState = startStopButtonState;
  }

  //Down button
  downButtonPressed = false;
  downButtonState = digitalRead(downButtonPin);
  if (downButtonState != downButtonPrevState)
  {
    downButtonPressed = downButtonState == HIGH;
    downButtonPrevState = downButtonState;
  }

  //Up button
  upButtonPressed = false;
  upButtonState = digitalRead(upButtonPin);
  if (upButtonState != upButtonPrevState)
  {
    upButtonPressed = upButtonState == HIGH;
    upButtonPrevState = upButtonState;
  }

  //Mode management
  switch (currentMode)
  {
    case MODE_IDLE:
      if (resetButtonPressed)
      {
        Reset();
      }
      if (resetButtonLongPressed)
      {
        currentMode = MODE_SETUP;
      }
      if (startStopButtonPressed)
      {
        currentMode = currentMode == MODE_IDLE ? MODE_RUNNING : MODE_IDLE;
        if (currentMode == MODE_RUNNING)
        {
          // START TIMER!
          startTime = now();
        }
      }
      break;

    case MODE_SETUP:
      if (resetButtonPressed)
      {
        //keluar mode setup
        setupTime = setupSeconds + (60 * setupMinutes) + (3600 * setupHours);
        currentHours = setupHours;
        currentMinutes = setupMinutes;
        currentSeconds = setupSeconds;
        dataSelection = 0;
        currentMode = MODE_IDLE;
      }
      if (startStopButtonPressed)
      {
        // Pilih data berikutnya untuk disesuaikan
        dataSelection++;
        if (dataSelection == 3)
        {
          dataSelection = 0;
        }
      }
      if (downButtonPressed)
      {
        switch (dataSelection)
        {
          case 0: // jam
            setupHours--;
            if (setupHours == -1)
            {
              setupHours = 99;
            }
            break;
          case 1: // menit
            setupMinutes--;
            if (setupMinutes == -1)
            {
              setupMinutes = 59;
            }
            break;
          case 2: // detik
            setupSeconds--;
            if (setupSeconds == -1)
            {
              setupSeconds = 59;
            }
            break;
        }
      }
      if (upButtonPressed)
      {
        switch (dataSelection)
        {
          case 0: // jam
            setupHours++;
            if (setupHours == 100)
            {
              setupHours = 0;
            }
            break;
          case 1: // menit
            setupMinutes++;
            if (setupMinutes == 60)
            {
              setupMinutes = 0;
            }
            break;
          case 2: // detik
            setupSeconds++;
            if (setupSeconds == 60)
            {
              setupSeconds = 0;
            }
            break;
        }
      }
      break;

    case MODE_RUNNING:
      if (startStopButtonPressed)
      {
        currentMode = MODE_IDLE;
      }
      if (resetButtonPressed)
      {
        Reset();
        currentMode = MODE_IDLE;
      }
      break;

    case MODE_RINGING:
      if (resetButtonPressed || startStopButtonPressed || downButtonPressed || upButtonPressed)
      {
        currentMode = MODE_IDLE;
      }
      break;
  }

  /*
     Time management
  */
  switch (currentMode)
  {
    case MODE_IDLE:
    case MODE_SETUP:
      // NOP
      break;
    case MODE_RUNNING:
      currentTime = setupTime - (now() - startTime);
      if (currentTime <= 0)
      {
        currentMode = MODE_RINGING;
      }
      break;
    case MODE_RINGING:
      analogWrite(buzzerPin, 20);
      delay(20);
      analogWrite(buzzerPin, 0);
      delay(40);
      break;
  }

  /*
     LCD management
  */
  //lcd.clear();
  lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
  switch (currentMode)
  {
    case MODE_IDLE:
      lcd.print("Timer ready     ");
      lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
      lcd.print(currentHours);
      lcd.print(" ");
      lcd.print(currentMinutes);
      lcd.print(" ");
      lcd.print(currentSeconds);
      lcd.print("    ");
      break;
    case MODE_SETUP:
      lcd.print("Setup mode: ");
      switch (dataSelection)
      {
        case 0:
          lcd.print("HRS ");
          break;
        case 1:
          lcd.print("MINS");
          break;
        case 2:
          lcd.print("SECS");
          break;
      }
      lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
      lcd.print(setupHours);
      lcd.print(" ");
      lcd.print(setupMinutes);
      lcd.print(" ");
      lcd.print(setupSeconds);
      lcd.print("    ");
      break;
    case MODE_RUNNING:
      lcd.print("Counting down...");
      lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
      if (hour(currentTime) < 10) lcd.print("0");
      lcd.print(hour(currentTime));
      lcd.print(":");
      if (minute(currentTime) < 10) lcd.print("0");
      lcd.print(minute(currentTime));
      lcd.print(":");
      if (second(currentTime) < 10) lcd.print("0");
      lcd.print(second(currentTime));
      break;
    case MODE_RINGING:
      lcd.print("   RING-RING!   ");
      lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
      lcd.print("                ");
      break;
  }
  delay(10);
}

void Reset()
{
  currentMode = MODE_IDLE;
  currentHours = setupHours;
  currentMinutes = setupMinutes;
  currentSeconds = setupSeconds;
}

Baca Juga : Timer Penghitung Waktu Mundur Arduino Uno

Kesimpulan :

Pada project ini terdapat sebuah timer dengan 4 mode yaitu : 

1. Idle : pengatur waktu menunggu masukan Anda dan menunjukkan jumlah waktu yang disetel saat ini. Kemudian mode ini juga mode awal setelah dinyalakan atau disetel ulang.
2. Setup : Anda dapat memasuki mode ini dengan menekan lama RS(Reset). di sini, dengan menggunakan ST(tombol start stop), Anda dapat memilih nilai mana yang akan diubah untuk menyetel waktu untuk dihitung mundur nanti. terakhir, dengan menggunakan DW (tombol turun) dan UP (tombol naik), Anda dapat mengurangi atau menambah nilai yang dipilih (jam, menit atau detik).
3. Running : Anda dapat masuk ke mode ini dengan menekan ST, sementara keluar dari mode ini akan memerlukan ST atau RS (yang akan membawa Anda ke mode IDLE).
4. Ringing : Kemudian ketika waktu yang diinginkan telah berlalu, mode ini secara otomatis aktif. Selanjutnya anda dapat mengembalikannya seperti awal dengan menekan tombol apa saja.